全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6700篇 |
免费 | 1239篇 |
国内免费 | 817篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4765篇 |
晶体学 | 130篇 |
力学 | 418篇 |
综合类 | 47篇 |
数学 | 722篇 |
物理学 | 2674篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 189篇 |
2022年 | 181篇 |
2021年 | 265篇 |
2020年 | 354篇 |
2019年 | 277篇 |
2018年 | 280篇 |
2017年 | 254篇 |
2016年 | 331篇 |
2015年 | 391篇 |
2014年 | 477篇 |
2013年 | 506篇 |
2012年 | 621篇 |
2011年 | 650篇 |
2010年 | 431篇 |
2009年 | 417篇 |
2008年 | 406篇 |
2007年 | 384篇 |
2006年 | 350篇 |
2005年 | 291篇 |
2004年 | 213篇 |
2003年 | 140篇 |
2002年 | 157篇 |
2001年 | 119篇 |
2000年 | 103篇 |
1999年 | 121篇 |
1998年 | 102篇 |
1997年 | 95篇 |
1996年 | 95篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 84篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8756条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
61.
Lin-Lin Zhang Bing-Chao Da Shao-Hua Xiang Shuai Zhu Zi-Yun Yuan Zhen Guo Bin Tan 《Tetrahedron》2019,75(12):1689-1696
Quinones, precursors of aromatic structures, were firstly employed as the electrophiles for the organocatalytic Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction with versatile 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles. Chiral bifunctional organocatalyst was appropriate for this enantioselective transformation to afford a variety of novel spirooxindoles, possessing a spirocyclic stereocenter adjacent to the aromatic ring, via asymmetric double arylation. These synthesized spirooxindoles are very difficult to access by the reported methods and were obtained in excellent chemical yields with excellent enantioselectivities. 相似文献
62.
Yu He Yating Guo Yanbin Yu Peifu Luo Honglong Qiu Guoming Huang 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2021,38(5):2100038
In this study, manganese tellurite (MnTeO3) nanoparticles are developed as theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided photothermal therapy of tumor. MnTeO3 nanoparticles are synthesized via a simple one-step method. The as-synthesized MnTeO3 nanoparticles with uniform size show good biocompatibility. In particular, MnTeO3 nanoparticles exhibit a high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 26.3%), which is higher than that of gold nanorods. Moreover, MnTeO3 nanoparticles also have high MRI performance. The longitudinal relaxivity (r1) value of MnTeO3 nanoparticles is determined to be 8.08 ± 0.2 mm −1 s−1, which is higher than that of clinically approved T1-contrast agents Gd-DTPA (4.49 ± 0.1 mm −1 s−1). The subsequent MnTeO3 nanoparticles-mediated photothermal therapy displays a highly efficient ablation of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo with negligible toxicity. It is demonstrated that MnTeO3 nanoparticles can serve as promising theranostic agents with great potentials for MRI-guided photothermal therapy. 相似文献
63.
Xinheng He Ning Huang Yuran Qiu Jian Zhang Yaqin Liu Xiao-Lan Yin Shaoyong Lu 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(4)
Metastasis is the major cause of death in colorectal cancer and it has been proven that inhibiting an interaction between adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (Asef) efficaciously restrain metastasis. However, current inhibitors cannot achieve a satisfying effect in vivo and need to be optimized. In the present study, we applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and extensive analyses to apo and holo APC systems in order to reveal the inhibitor mechanism in detail and provide insights into optimization. MD simulations suggested that apo APC takes on a broad array of conformations and inhibitors stabilize conformation selectively. Representative structures in trajectories show specific APC-ligand interactions, explaining the different binding process. The stability and dynamic properties of systems elucidate the inherent factors of the conformation selection mechanism. Binding free energy analysis quantitatively confirms key interface residues and guide optimization. This study elucidates the conformation selection mechanism in APC-Asef inhibition and provides insights into peptide-based drug design. 相似文献
64.
Rui Zhang Leng Ni Xiao Di Baitao Ma Shuai Niu Zhihua Rong Changwei Liu 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(4)
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an atherosclerotic disease characterized by a narrowing of the artery lumen and a high risk of ischemic stroke. Risk factors of atherosclerosis, including smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, aging, and disrupted circadian rhythm, may potentiate atherosclerosis in the carotid artery and further reduce the arterial lumen. Ischemic stroke due to severe CAS and cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury after the revascularization of CAS also adversely affect clinical outcomes. Melatonin is a pluripotent agent with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties. Although there is a shortage of direct clinical evidence demonstrating the benefits of melatonin in CAS patients, previous studies have shown that melatonin may be beneficial for patients with CAS in terms of reducing endothelial damage, stabilizing arterial plaque, mitigating the harm from CAS-related ischemic stroke and cerebral I/R injury, and alleviating the adverse effects of the related risk factors. Additional pre-clinical and clinical are required to confirm this speculation. 相似文献
65.
66.
Long Jiao Yanna Zhang Zhijun Du Xuemin Dai Hanfu Wang Zhixin Dong Haibo Yao Xuepeng Qiu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2022,60(16):2454-2464
To tolerate high processing temperature during the fabrication of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS–TFT) in flexible OLED devices, the polyimide (PI) films, which are used as substrate, should have ultra-high glass transition temperature (Tg > 450°C) and ultra-low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE at 0–5 ppm K−1). In this paper, two novel heterocyclic monomers, namely, N,N'-(xanthone-2,7-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide) (p-DAXBA) and N,N'-(xanthone-2,7-diyl)bis(3-aminobenzamide) (m-DAXBA), which contain a xanthone moiety, are prepared and polycondensed with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), respectively. PI films (PIa and PIb) with intrinsic high Tg and low CTE are designed from the perspective of rigid conjugate xanthone structure and hydrogen bonding interaction. It is found that the PIa films prepared by p-DAXBA have better linear structure of molecular chains and show relatively higher Tg and lower CTE. The Tg of PIa-40 is greater than 450°C, and CTE can reach as low as 2.7 ppm K−1, tensile strength of 179 MPa, modulus of 5.67 GPa, indicating potential application prospect as a flexible OLED substrate. 相似文献
67.
采用磁控溅射法在ITO玻璃上制备了CdZnTe薄膜,探究机械磨抛对CdZnTe薄膜阻变特性的影响。通过对XRD图谱、Raman光谱、AFM显微照片等实验结果分析阐明了机械磨抛影响CdZnTe薄膜阻变特性的物理机制。研究结果表明,磁控溅射制备的薄膜为闪锌矿结构,F43m空间群。机械磨抛提高了CdZnTe薄膜的结晶质量;CdZnTe薄膜粗糙度(Ra)由磨抛前的3.42 nm下降至磨抛后的1.73 nm;磨抛后CdZnTe薄膜透过率和162 cm-1处的类CdTe声子峰振动峰增强;CdZnTe薄膜的阻变开关比由磨抛前的1.2增加到磨抛后的4.9。机械磨抛提高CdZnTe薄膜质量及阻变特性的原因可能是CdZnTe薄膜在磨抛过程中发生了再结晶。 相似文献
68.
Jiarui Yu Nan Gao Xiaowen Xie Xing Xin Zhanqi Li Shuai Chen Jingkun Xu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2022,60(5):794-802
Thermally healing capability of cracks and defects is important and urgent for the safe operation and life extending of electric materials and devices. Here, by the combination of thermally driven reversible Diels–Alder (DA) interaction and in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), a series of intrinsically conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/DA composites possess intrinsically self-healing property under low-temperature (reverse DA reaction at 100°C; DA crosslinking at 60°C) stimulus were achieved. The crosslinking DA bonding reactions are multiple from the co-existence of pre-synthesized macromolecular polyurethane attached DA units (PU-DA) and 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol (DADOL) in the films. PU-DA involved in the polymerization process of EDOT to endow PEDOT with outstanding solution-processability, uniform film making, and structural self-healing capability, while DADOL was added to enhance the cross bonding between polymer chains. This work will accelerate the research and application development of intrinsically self-healing conducting polymers for commercial capacitors, antistatic coatings, implantable, printable electronics, and so on. 相似文献
69.
Copper‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Activated Alkynes by Radical Oxidation–Tandem Cyclization/Dearomatization to Synthesize 3‐Trifluoromethyl Spiro[4.5]trienones 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Hui‐Liang Hua Yu‐Tao He Yi‐Feng Qiu Ying‐Xiu Li Bo Song Pin Gao Xian‐Rong Song Dong‐Hui Guo Prof. Dr. Xue‐Yuan Liu Prof. Dr. Yong‐Min Liang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(4):1468-1473
A copper‐catalyzed difunctionalizing trifluoromethylation of activated alkynes with the cheap reagent sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (NaSO2CF3 or Langlois’ reagent) has been developed incorporating a tandem cyclization/dearomatization process. This strategy affords a straightforward route to synthesis of 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐spiro[4.5]trienones, and presents an example of difunctionalization of alkynes for simultaneous formation of two carbon–carbon single bonds and one carbon–oxygen double bond. 相似文献
70.
The enhancement of teleportation fidelity by weak measurement or quantum measurement reversal is investigated. One qubit of a maximally entangled state undergoes the amplitude damping, and the subsequent application of weak measurement or quantum measurement reversal could improve the teleportation fidelity beyond the classical region. The improvement could not be attributed to the increasing of entanglement, quantum discord, classical correlation or total correlation. We declare that it should be owed to the probabilistic nature of the method. 相似文献